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Plants
Terminalia chebula
About Plant
| Plant ID | PLN0056 | ||
| Plant Name | Terminalia chebula | ||
| Common Name | Black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, and haritaki. | ||
| Vernacular Name | Black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, and haritaki. | ||
| Plant Description | Terminalia chebula is a medium to large deciduous tree that can grow up to 30 meters (98 feet) in height, with a trunk diameter reaching 1 meter (3 feet 3 inches). Its leaves are arranged alternately to suboppositely, oval in shape, measuring 7–8 cm (2.8–3.1 in) in length and 4.5–10 cm (1.8–3.9 in) in width, with a petiole ranging from 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long. The leaves have an acute tip, a cordate base, entire margins, a smooth upper surface, and a yellowish pubescent underside. The tree produces monoecious flowers that are dull white to yellow in color with a strong, unpleasant odor. These flowers grow in terminal spikes or short panicles. The fruit is smooth, drupe-like, and varies in shape from ellipsoid to ovoid, measuring 2–4.5 cm (0.79–1.77 in) in length and 1.2–2.5 cm (0.47–0.98 in) in width. It has five longitudinal ridges and turns yellow to orange-brown as it ripens, containing a single angled stone inside. | ||
Plant Classification
| Kingdom | Plantae | |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | |
| Class | Magnolipsida | |
| Order | Myrtales | |
| Family | Combretaceae | |
| Genus | Terminalia | |
| Species | chebula | |
| Variety/Line/Chemotype | ||
| Distribution | Terminalia chebula is widely distributed across southern and southeastern Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Thailand. In China, it is native to western Yunnan and cultivated in regions such as Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi (Nanning), and Taiwan (Nantou). In India, it grows in the sub-Himalayan region, from Ravi eastward to western Bengal and Assam, reaching elevations of up to 1,500 meters (4,900 feet) in the Himalayas. The tree is naturally found in the forests of northern India, the central provinces, and Bengal, and is commonly seen in regions like Madras, Mysore, and the southern part of the Bombay presidency. Its preferred habitat includes dry slopes at elevations of up to 900 meters (3,000 feet). | |
| Use | This tree produces small, ribbed, nut-like fruits that are harvested while still green. They are commonly pickled, boiled with a small amount of sugar in their own syrup, or used in preserves. The fruit is also utilized for tanning leather and dyeing fabric. Terminalia chebula, known as Haritaki, is a key ingredient in the Ayurvedic formulation Triphala. | |
| Chemical Constituents | arjunglucoside I, arjungenin, chebulosides I and II, chebulin, ellagic acid, 2,4-chebulyl-β-D-glucopyranose, chebulinic acid, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, punicalagin, terflavin A, terchebin, luteolin, and tannic acid, terflavin B, Luteic acid. | |
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